Effective pain management generally involves a balanced or multimodal strategy using several classes of pain-modifying medications. The rationale behind this approach is that it addresses targeting multiple sites in pain pathways, potentially allowing lower doses of each drug and minimizing the potential for side effects associated with any single drug. The choice of medication should be based on anticipated pain levels and individual patient needs. Anticipatory analgesia provided prior to pain onset is more effective than analgesia provided once pain has occurred, contributing to both a dose- and anesthetic-sparing effect.

Click on the medications below for more information.

• Acetaminophen

• α-2 agonists

• Amantadine

• Bisphosphonates

• Corticosteroids

• Gabapentin

• Ketamine

• Local Anesthetics

• Maropitant

• NSAIDs

• Nutraceuticals and Oral Supplements

• Opioids

• Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans

• Systemic Lidocaine

• Tramadol

• Tricyclic Antidepressants and SSRIs