TEST ENVIRONMENT!
AAHA Home AAHA Guidelines References

References

Footnotes

a Dirlotapide; Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ

  1. Courcier EA, O’Higgins R, Mellor DJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for feline obesity in a first opinion practice in Glasgow, Scotland. J Feline Med Surg 2010;12(10):746–53.
  2. Courcier EA, Thomson RM, Mellor DJ, et al. An epidemiological study of environmental factors associated with canine obesity. J Small Anim Pract 2010;51(7):362–7.
  3. Lund E, Armstrong P, Kirk C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult cats from private US veterinary practices. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2005;3(2):88–96.
  4. Lund E, Armstrong P, Kirk C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult dogs from private US veterinary practices. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2006;4:177–86.
  5. Lawler DF, Evans RH, Larson BT, et al. Influence of lifetime food restriction on causes, time, and predictors of death in dogs. J AmVet Med Assoc 2005;226(2):225–31.
  6. German AJ. The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats. J Nutr 2006;136(7)(suppl):1940S–6S.
  7. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220(9):1315–20.
  8. Lusby AL, Kirk CA, Bartges JW. The role of key adipokines in obesity and insulin resistance in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235(5):518–22.
  9. Wakshlag JJ, Struble AM, Levine CB, et al. The effects of weight loss on adipokines and markers of inflammation in dogs. Br J Nutr2011; 106(suppl 1):S11–4.
  10. Laflamme DP. Companion Animals Symposium: Obesity in dogs and cats: What is wrong with being fat? J Anim Sci 2012;90(5):1653–62.
  11. Bach JF, Rozanski EA, Bedenice D, et al. Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007;68(6):670–5.
  12. Lund EM, Armstrong PJ, Kirk CA, et al. Health status and population characteristics of dogs and cats examined at private veterinary practices in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214 (9): 1336–41.
  13. Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Holden SL, et al. Effect of weight loss in obese dogs on indicators of renal function or disease. J Vet Intern Med 2013;27(1):31–8.
  14. Scarlett JM, Donoghue S. Associations between body condition and disease in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212(11):1725–31.
  15. Kil DY, Swanson KS. Endocrinology of obesity. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010;40(2):205–19.
  16. Marshall W, Bockstahler B, Hulse D, et al. A review of osteoarthritis and obesity: current understanding of the relationship and benefit of obesity treatment and prevention in the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Trauma 2009:22(5):339–45.
  17. Glickman LT, Schofer FS, McKee LJ, et al. Epidemiologic study of insecticide exposures, obesity, and risk of bladder cancer in household dogs. J Toxicol Environ Health 1989;28(4):407–14.
  18. Perez Alenza MD, Peña L, del Castillo N, et al. Factors influencing the incidence and prognosis of canine mammary tumours. J Small Anim Pract 2000;41(7):287–91.
  19. Pérez Alenza D, Rutteman GR, Peña L, et al. Relation between habitual diet and canine mammary tumors in a case-control study. J Vet Intern Med 1998;12(3):132–9.
  20. White GA, Hobson-West P, Cobb K, et al. Canine obesity: is there a difference between veterinarian and owner perception? J Small Anim Pract 2011;52(12):622–6.
  21. Baldwin K, Bartges J, Buffington T, et al. AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46(4):285–96.
  22. Association of American Feed Control Officials. Official Publication. Oxford (IN): Association of American Feed Control Officials 2013. Available online at www.aafco.org. Accessed October 24, 2013.
  23. Houpt KA, Coren B, Hintz HF, et al. Effect of sex and reproductive status on sucrose preference, food intake, and body weight of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979;174(10):1083–5.
  24. Flynn MF, Hardie EM, Armstrong PJ. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on maintenance energy requirement in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;209(9):1572–81.
  25. Jeusette I, Detilleux J, Cuvelier C, et al. Ad libitum feeding following ovariectomy in female Beagle dogs: effect on maintenance energy requirement and on blood metabolites. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2004;88(3–4):117–21.
  26. Bermingham EN, Weidgraaf K, Hekman M, et al. Seasonal and age effects on energy requirements in domestic short-hair cats (Felis catus) in a temperate environment. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013;97(3):522–30.
  27. Kienzle E, Rainbird A. The maintenance energy requirement of dogs –what is the correct value for the calculation of metabolic body weight in dogs. J Nutr 1991;121(11 suppl):S39–40.
  28. Edney AT, Smith PM. Study of obesity in dogs visiting veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 1986;118(14):391–6.
  29. Scarlett JM, Donoghue S, Saidla J, et al. Overweight cats: prevalence and risk factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18(suppl 1):S22–8.
  30. Laflamme DP. Nutrition for aging cats and dogs and the importance of body condition. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2005;35(3): 713–42.
  31. Armstrong P, Lund E. Changes in body composition and energy balance with aging. Vet Clin Nutr 1996;3(3):83–7.
  32. Debraekeloer J, Gross K, Zicker S. Normal dogs. In: Hand MS, Thatcher CD, Remillard RL, et al, eds. Small animal clinical nutrition. 4th ed. Topeka (KS): Mark Morris Institute; 2000:213–60.
  33. Michel KE, Anderson W, Cupp C, et al. Correlation of a feline muscle mass score with body composition determined by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Br J Nutr 2011;106(suppl 1):S57–9.
  34. Lusby A, Kirk C. Obesity. Bonagura J, Twedt D, eds. Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIV. St. Louis (MO): Saunders Elsevier; 2008: 191–5.
  35. Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats. Feline Pract 1997;25:13–8.
  36. Bjornvad CR, Nielsen DH, Armstrong PJ, et al. Evaluation of a ninepoint body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats. Am J Vet Res 2011;72(4):433–7.
  37. Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Pract 1997;22:10–5.
  38. Churchill J. Increase the success of weight loss programs by creating an environment for change. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2010; 32(12):E1.
  39. Laflamme DP, Kuhlman G, Lawler DF. Evaluation of weight loss protocols for dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997;33(3):253–9.
  40. German AJ, Holden SL, Mather NJ, et al. Low-maintenance energy requirements of obese dogs after weight loss. Br J Nutr 2011; 106(suppl 1):S93–6.
  41. Wakshlag JJ, Struble AM, Warren BS, et al. Evaluation of dietary energy intake and physical activity in dogs undergoing a controlled weight-loss program. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240(4):413–9.
  42. German AJ, Holden SL, Mason SL, et al. Imprecision when using measuring cups to weigh out extruded dry kibbled food. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011;95(3):368–73.
  43. Hewson-Hughes AK, Hewson-Hughes VL, Miller AT, et al. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in the adult domestic cat, Felis catus. J Exp Biol 2011;214(pt 6):1039–51.
  44. Zoran DL, Buffington CA. Effects of nutrition choices and lifestyle changes on the well-being of cats, a carnivore that has moved indoors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;239(5):596–606.
  45. Wannemacher RW Jr, McCoy JR. Determination of optimal dietary protein requirements of young and old dogs. J Nutr 1966;88(1): 66–74.
  46. Weber M, Bissot T, Servet E, et al. A high-protein, high-fiber diet designed for weight loss improves satiety in dogs. J Vet Intern Med2007;21(6):1203–8.
  47. Halton TL, Hu FB. The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr2004;23(5):373–85.
  48. Hutchinson D, Freeman L, Schreiner K, et al. Requirements of senior dogs and analysis of nutrient profiles of commercially available diets for senior dogs. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2011;9(1):68–79.
  49. Butterwick RF, Markwell PJ. Effect of amount and type of dietary fiber on food intake in energy-restricted dogs. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58(3):272–6.
  50. Yamka R, Frantz N, Friesen K. Effects of 3 canine weight loss foods on body composition and obesity markers. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2007;5(3):125–32.
  51. Jewell DE, Toll PW, Novotny BJ. Satiety reduces adiposity in dogs. Vet Ther 2000;1(1):17–23.
  52. Prola L, Dobenecker B, Mussa PP, et al. Influence of cellulose fibre length on faecal quality, mineral excretion and nutrient digestibility in cat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010;94(3):362–7.
  53. Linder DE, Freeman LM, Morris P, et al. Theoretical evaluation of risk for nutritional deficiency with caloric restriction in dogs. Vet Q2012;32 (3–4):123–9.
  54. Linder DE, Freeman LM. Evaluation of calorie density and feeding directions for commercially available diets designed for weight loss in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;236(1):74–7.
  55. Roudebush P, Schoenherr WD, Delaney SJ. An evidence-based review of the use of nutraceuticals and dietary supplementation for the management of obese and overweight pets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;232(11):1646–55.
  56. Gossellin J, Peachey S, Sherington J, et al. Evaluation of dirlotapide for sustained weight loss in overweight Labrador retrievers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007;30(suppl 1):55–65.
  57. Hunter GR, Brock DW, Byrne NM, et al. Exercise training prevents regain of visceral fat for 1 year following weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18(4):690–5.
  58. Andreou E, Philippou C, Papandreou D. Effects of an intervention and maintenance weight loss diet with and without exercise on anthropometric indices in overweight and obese healthy women. Ann Nutr Metab 2011;59(2–4):187–92.
  59. Snel M, Gastaldelli A, Ouwens DM, et al. Effects of adding exercise to a 16-week very low-calorie diet in obese, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97(7): 2512–20.
  60. Kushner RF, Blatner DJ, Jewell DE, et al. The PPET Study: people and pets exercising together. Obesity (Silver Spring)2006;14(10):1762–70.
  61. Tipton CM, Carey RA, Eastin WC, et al. A submaximal test for dogs: evaluation of effects of training, detraining, and cage confinement. J Appl Physiol 1974;37(2):271–5.
  62. Grandjean D, Paragon B- M. Nutrition of racing and working dogs. Part I. Energy metabolism of dogs. Comp Cont Ed 1992;14:1608–15.
  63. Ellis SL, Rodan I, Carney HC, et al. AAFP and ISFM feline environmental needs guidelines. J Feline Med Surg 2013;15(3):219–30.
  64. Biourge VC, Groff JM, Munn RJ, et al. Experimental induction of hepatic lipidosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 1994;55(9):1291–302.
  65. Armstrong P, Hardie E, Cullen J, et al. L-carnitine reduces hepatic fat accumulation during rapid weight reduction in cats [abstract]. J Vet Intern Med 1992;6(2):127.
  66. Villaverde C, Ramsey JJ, Green AS, et al. Energy restriction results in a mass-adjusted decrease in energy expenditure in cats that is maintained after weight regain. J Nutr 2008;138(5):856–60.
  67. Shmalberg J. Beyond the guaranteed analysis: comparing pet foods. Today’s Veterinary Practice. January/February 2013;3(1):43–5.
  68. Subcommittee on Dog and Cat Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. 2006. Available at: www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10668#toc. Accessed October 24, 2013.
  69. Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. A clinical tool. Canine Pract 1997;22:10–5.
  70. Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats. A clinical tool. Feline Pract 1997;25:13–8.
  71. Burkholder WJ. Use of body condition scores in clinical assessment of the provision of optimal nutrition. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217(5):650–4.
  72. Subcommittee on Dog and Cat Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. 2006.
  73. Mariti C, Carlone B, Borgognini-Tarli S, et al. Considering the dog as part of the system: studying the attachment bond of dogs toward all members of the fostering family. J Vet Behav 2011; 6:90–1.
  74. Tuzio H, Elston T, Richards J, et al. Feline behavior guidelines from the American Association of Feline Practitioners. 2004. Available at: http://www.catvets.com/public/PDFs/PracticeGuidelines/FelineBehaviorGLS.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2013.
  75. Nagaoka D, Mitsuhashi Y, Angell R, et al. Re-induction of obese body weight occurs more rapidly and at lower caloric intake in beagles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010;94(3):287–92.
  76. MacLean PS. A peripheral perspective of weight regain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;288(6):R1447–9.cc